捷克纪录片制造商揭示了孤儿院失控的
Czech Documentary Maker Reveals an Orphanage System Out of Control
当Doc Doc主任Linda Kallistova Jablonska开始探索捷克共和国的州孤儿院系统时，她承认她没想到会发现生活在机构中多年的普通女孩 - 这些孩子可能不会与其他任何其他欧盟国家分离的孩子。拍摄了她的主题八年，她花了十年的时间在“离开开始”上，放映了Ji.hlava国际纪录片电影节的捷克欢乐部分。当贾布隆斯卡（Jablonska）继续跟随她的三个主题，他们在18岁那年在系统中衰老，因为他们努力在现实世界中找到自己的路 - 但是发现他们已经做好了认真的处理能力。危险的过度狂热机构？我只是在这个地方开车，想知道里面有什么。在捷克陷入困境的孩子最终有真正的含义。就像真正困扰的孩子偷东西或杀死某人的地方一样。但是我发现完全不同。这些女孩基本上在那里，因为他们逃离了其他一些机构。他们只是罗马，所以他们把它们放在那里。当然，有一些严重的案例，但是大多数孩子完全可以，只是来自另一种机构。您如何在这些孤儿院内访问拍摄，后来是中途房子？有一位非常好的导演在这个地方，他建议我拍摄您在电影中看到的这些女孩。我发现它们很有趣，因为他们说话并具有非常具体的幽默感。然后，随着生活的发展，我很好奇他们会发生什么。五年后，我拍摄了一部有关机构中的小孩的电影，称为“符合孩子的最大利益”，讲述了最终进入机构的新生孩子。然后我发现这些之间有联系两件事情。如果婴儿最终进入机构，那么这个孩子很可能会在某种机构中最终出现，即使被收养。因此，直到3岁的经历对成年人的生活产生了很大的影响。在这些地方生活的影响对您拍摄的女孩的影响是什么？这些机构对年幼的孩子来说非常有害。以克里斯蒂纳（Kristyna）在那里度过了一生的第一年，她就是一个很好的例子，说明它如何影响成人生活。她很难成为社会的一部分 - 拥有一份适当的工作和适当的家庭，并作为母亲信任自己。捷克共和国最近通过了一项法律，该法律将结束将最小的孩子置于这些机构中。您是否受到为这些变化推动这些变化的驱使吗？我们成立了一个名为“良好开始”的组织 - 我本人和三个女性 - 我们竭尽全力使政客通过这项法律。我很高兴它实际上经历了。所以这个主题一直在影响我的生活r年。还有很多其他人，但我会说我们的组织确实有影响力。法律将使国家更难将婴儿和幼儿带离家人更难？新法律说没有婴儿2025年之后，3岁以下的年龄可能会在机构护理中。他们不会真正结束，但必须改变自己，因此您可以想象，对于那些被所有人抛弃的年轻母亲，他们可能会和婴儿一起待一段时间。一种资源来帮助孩子们在无法处理事情时留在亲生家庭中。捷克共和国的这个问题是多么广泛？有时在一个地方有一百个小孩，有五名妇女参加他们或一名护士和五个护士孩子们。所以这一切都将结束。必须为生物家庭提供更多支持，因为目前，在捷克共和国，有大量的孩子被带走了 - 即使在他们的家人有帮助的情况下也能够应付的情况下，当然还有更多的人需要参与寄养术语和短期。我们是欧盟中最后一个拥有这种Kojenecky ustav的国家之一，是3岁以下的儿童孤儿院。他们在斯洛伐克的保加利亚不存在……在斯洛伐克，有一项法律，即6岁以下的儿童不能在机构中属于机构。现在，这里大约有150-200名儿童。您如何在如此受限制的环境中拍摄拍摄？一开始我自己开枪射击，因为我没有钱或船员，而且我可能会更接近女孩。然后，随着时间的流逝，我得到了捷克电视台和制片人的更多支持。到那时，女孩们越来越可以，周围的船员还可以。在过去的十年中，它上面有几个DPS。在拍摄时，您显然遇到了很多令人心碎的日子。哪个是最艰难的吗？最艰难的一天是克里斯蒂娜（Kristyna）的儿子着火之后。去医院和她在一起很难。对于这部电影，最困难的时刻是当其中一位女孩丹妮莎（Denisa）决定她不想让我们再拍摄她。我们不知道该怎么办，但我们最终与Kristyna回来了，她告诉我她将成为电视节目的一部分，我想：“好吧，这是一个很好的开始。克里斯蒂娜（Kristyna）也是一个非常有趣的角色。她有什么帮助传达孤儿院危机的影响？她很有趣，因为她把一个新婴儿带入了电影中，而当我看着我意识到的电影时，当女孩们当时是女孩只是自己，我们不会为他们感到难过。只是他们的生活。他们不是为了死于饥饿之类的锣。但是，当您在婴儿车中看到小婴儿时，您会意识到还有另一种生活。这是一个全新的视角n周围的婴儿。电影中的这些时刻是最悬念的，因为您想知道这些婴儿是否会比母亲更好。这是一个大问题，这是一个循环 - 很可能是孤儿院的孩子们有孩子最终陷入孤儿院。这个周期必须被打破。
When doc director Linda Kallistova Jablonska began exploring the state orphanage system in the Czech Republic, she confesses she didn’t expect to find ordinary girls living in institutions for years – children who would likely not have been separated from their families in any other EU nation. Filming her subjects for eight years, she spent a decade on “Leaving Beginnings Behind,” screening in the Czech Joy section of the Ji.hlava International Documentary Film Festival.
The project grew out of what began as a short film in 2011 for Czech TV as Jablonska moved onto following her three subjects who age out of the system at 18 as they struggle to find their way in the real world – but discover they are seriously under-equipped to handle it.
How did you first find yourself immersed in this story of dangerously overzealous institutions?
I was just driving around this place and was wondering what was inside. In Czech if you say pastak, the word for this kind of institution where troubled kids end up, it has really bad connotations. Like where really troubled kids who stole something or killed someone end up. But what I found was completely different. These girls were basically there because they ran away from some other institutions. They were just Roma so they put them there. There were some serious cases, of course, but most of the kids were completely okay, just from another type of institution.
How did you manage to get access to filming inside these orphanages and, later, halfway houses?
There was a really nice director of this place and he suggested I shoot these girls you see in the film. And I found them interesting because they talk and have a very specific sense of humor. Then as life went on I was curious what was going to happen to them. After five years I shot a film about small children in institutions called “In the Child’s Best Interests,” about newborn kids who end up in institutions. Then I found there’s a connection between these two things. If a baby ends up in an institution, it’s very likely this child will end up in some kind of institution afterwards – even if it’s adopted. So the experience up to age 3 has a big influence over grownup life.
What effects from living in these places could you see on the girls you filmed?
The institutions are very bad for young kids. In the case of Kristyna, who spent the first year of her life there, she’s a very good example of how it affects adult life. It’s very hard for her to be a part of society – to have a proper job and a proper family and to trust in herself as a mother.
The Czech Republic recently passed a law that will end placing the youngest children in these institutions. Were you driven by what you saw to push for these changes?
We founded an organization called Good Start – myself and three other women – and we made a big effort to get politicians to pass this law. I’m very happy that it actually went through. So this subject has been influencing my life for years.
There were a lot of other people but I’d say our organization does have an influence.
What will the law do to make it harder for the state to take infants and toddlers away from their families?
The new law says no baby under 3 years old can end up in institutional care after the year 2025. The institutions for little children would basically come to an end. They won’t really end but will have to transform themselves so you can imagine these big houses full of small children could be, say, for young mothers who have been abandoned by everyone and they could stay there with their babies for some time. A resource to help kids stay in their biological family when they can’t deal with things.
How extensive is this problem in the Czech Republic comparatively?
There were sometimes a hundred small children in a place with five women attending them or one nurse with five kids. So this would all end. There has to be a lot more support for the biological families because currently in the Czech Republic there are an enormous number of kids who are taken away – even in cases where their families would be able to cope if they had some help.
And of course more people need to become involved in foster care, both long-term and short-term. We are one of the last countries in the EU that has this kind of kojenecky ustav, orphanages for kids under 3. They don’t exist in Bulgaria, Slovakia…and in Slovakia there’s a law that children under 6 can’t be in institutions. There are about 150-200 children in them here now.
How did you approach filming in such a restricted environment?
At the beginning I shot it myself because I didn’t have money or a crew and also I could be closer to the girls. Then as time went by and I had more support from Czech TV and the producer we had a crew. By that time the girls were more and more okay with a crew around. There were several DPs on it over the 10 years.
You clearly encountered a lot of heartbreaking days while filming. Which was the toughest?
The most difficult day was after Kristyna’s son had fallen into a fire. It was quite tough to go there to the hospital and to be with her. For the film, the most difficult moment was when Denisa, one of the girls, decided she didn’t want to let us film her any more. We didn’t know what to do but we ended up back with Kristyna and she told me she was going to be part of this TV show and I thought, ‘Well, that’s a great start.’ So we shot that and we found that Kristyna is quite an interesting character as well.
What is it about her that helps convey the effects of the orphanage crisis?
She was interesting because she brought a new baby into the film and somehow when I was watching the film I realized when the girls are just being themselves we don’t feel so sorry for them. It’s just their life. They’re not gong to die of hunger or anything like that. But when you see the small baby in the pushchair you realize there’s another life. It’s a completely new perspective when the baby’s around.
These moments in the film are some of the most suspenseful as you wonder whether these babies are going to be any better off than their mothers.
It’s a big question, the cycle – it’s very likely the children of an orphanage will have children that end up in an orphanage. This cycle has to be broken.
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发表于 2022-7-5 04:08:06
发表于 2022-12-3 14:08:38