“ 9/11的尘埃落定”导演丽莎·卡兹曼（Lisa Katzman）在库维德大流行与9月11日之间的相似之处
‘9/11’s Unsettled Dust’ Director Lisa Katzman on Parallels Between COVID Pandemic and Sept. 11
2001年9月11日之后的大约一个月，纪录片人和记者丽莎·卡兹曼（Lisa Katzman）回到了曼哈顿下城的公寓。尽管她的房屋已经打扫过，但窗户是打开的，空气中仍然有灰尘，因为数百人（即使不是成千上万的志愿者）仍然在零地面和周围的街道上不懈地努力，作为恐怖袭击后恢复和清理任务的一部分在世界贸易中心。她在那里住了一个晚上，早上醒来，感觉“就像我的胸部有砧座。”这也改变了她对那个命运日的事件的看法。“ 9/11被记住是恐怖袭击，但这也是有史以来影响美国城市的最大人造环境灾难，更不用说一个城市她告诉综艺。世界贸易中心，每架波音767架飞机发动了火灾，其中包括发动机被释放到空中的喷气燃料中的毒素。当塔楼不到两个小时后倒塌时，110个故事以灰色的石棉带状云落下，覆盖了多块半径，然后风散开颗粒。在随后的几周中，挖出瓦砾的机器进一步打扰了有毒的灰尘。在零地面上工作的任何人都因纯粹的接近和缺乏适当的保护资源而受到伤害，但危险的蜘蛛网散布在整个城市中，因为政府说，空气可以安全地呼吸，在9月11日之后的几天后重新开放精选的曼哈顿下部企业，并在不到一个月后将儿童送回该地区的学校。幸存者，急救人员和许多其他人不久就开始生病了。疾病的程度以及政府的失误，有人说是欺骗和第9/11名之后，平民不得不为了为医疗保健而战，是Katzman的最新项目的主题，这是一部90分钟的纪录片，标题为“ 9/11的“未固定尘埃”，它在精选的PBS电台上播出时间是9/11成立20周年，而世界正处于另一场灾难的中间，而Covid-19的大流行。“ 9/11的遗产都是成千上万的人，他们生病了，成千上万的死亡从他们的病中，”她说。 “要确保城市安全需要做的是获得更多的口罩和正确的呼吸器类型。最初还不够，但是当他们可以得到更多时，他们没有。她承认，在9月11日的直接之后，有一场“爱国主义的激增”，这吸引了许多人从其他行政区和其他州的地面零。那些人被感动和动机，“代表共同利益行事 - 和共同的福利ATED，您走了，然后在瓦砾中搜索死者，然后开始清除。他们处于不同的状态，他们没有考虑自己的生存。他们实际上正在考虑如何服务。”但是，她补充说：“意识形态确实被变成了煽动人们的宣传。一方面，您有令人难以置信的富有同情心的自我牺牲的反应，然后您对[当时的环境保护局负责人]克里斯汀·托德·惠特曼（Christine Todd Whitman），布什总统，朱利安尼市长克里斯汀·托德·惠特曼（Christine Todd Whitman）采取了这种完全愤世嫉俗的行为。卡兹曼指出，2001年秋天的纽约市与现在的冠状病毒几乎不一样，与如何处理健康和安全的消息相似。她回忆说，2001年，“华尔街的利益胜过其他一切。华尔街于六天后的9月17日开业。他们在那里有大卡车，然后是真空吸尘器他们甚至没有正确的过滤器，可以吸吮街上的灰尘。这太疯狂了。”她说，将近二十年后，“特朗普有许多独特的理由，与他的虚荣心等有关，因为没有戴口罩，但其中很大一部分与同样的想法有关：他认为这会这样在2001年，戴口罩是为了保护自己的自我而采取的行动，而现在，它也保护他人。但是，通过档案片段来看，其中一些是在卡兹曼的纪录片中，没有太多的口罩，更不用说高级医疗或一部分Hazmat西装了。对于某些人来说，这可能是由于缺乏资源，但对于其他人来说，这是对一个使它们失败的系统的信任。“设置的监视站监视器被堵塞了。因此，当我说愤世嫉俗时，这是一个完美的例子，因为EPA在他们的网站上帖子做了什么？他们无法阅读 - 当然不是因为监视器E堵塞。那就是如此糟糕，”卡兹曼说。 “这需要政府的监督。”当然，当大流行开始时，情况也是如此。 “特朗普在做什么？她有他的女son贾里德·库什纳（Jared Kushner），经营FEMA，用科学培训代替了合格的人，他们知道如何订购正确的物资，这变成了一个坚定不移的人。”她说。二十年后，9/11之后的毒素仍在曝光。 Covid-119.Katzman的股票可能是如此，她在2010年夏天首次开始制作该纪录片，当时全世界正在从最近的环境灾难中脱颖而出：墨西哥湾的BP石油漏油事件。她对纪录片的最初想法是将同时的元素结合在一起，并将“ EPA的职责失败”作为两者之间的联系。但是由于9/11的情况如何发展 - 特别是第一响应者和9/11幸存者约翰·菲尔（John Feal）组建了一个小组游说C代表詹姆斯·扎德罗加（James Zadroga）的《 2010年詹姆斯·扎德罗加（James Zadroga）9/11健康与薪酬法》（Health and Redsation Act），然后几年后不得不继续战斗，以使癌症受到该法案的覆盖 - 9/11成为重点。她最终拍摄了五年半。该法案以前纽约警察局官员扎德罗加（Zadroga）的名字命名，该法案是他的第一任官员（2004年死于呼吸道疾病）归因于他在零地面上接触毒素。她与电影制片人“没有响应者留下”的电影制片人跨越了道路，这也跟随菲尔和激进主义者乔恩·斯图尔特（Jon Stewart）在2016年的追悼会上争取第一响应者的健康权，但她的故事有意扩大，超越了第一响应者的发展。包括志愿者和社区成员。“这些人没有接受过特殊的培训她说。背后：幸存者在9/11英寸之后的幸存者争取医疗保健的斗争，内容涉及她的第二天和几年中的经验，倡导健康。此外，卡兹曼（Katzman）的纪录片包括各种妇女，这些妇女清理了用作分诊和收集中心的设施，其中一些人没有证件，没有人接受Hazmat诉讼。卡兹曼说。 “但是我记得看到这群无证件的工人，主要是西班牙裔，而他们眼中的恐惧是如此深刻。他们正在进行清理工作，正在捡起身体部位，他们做的是可以想象的最糟糕的工作。而且我们不知道很多人发生了什么。他们回到中美洲和墨西哥再也没有听到。”“人们不能依靠政府做正确的事。我们在密歇根州的弗林特看到了它。我们在BP石油灾难中看到了它。我们以9/11的身份看到了它，我们在大流行中看到了它。”
About a month after Sept. 11, 2001, documentarian and journalist Lisa Katzman went back to her apartment in Lower Manhattan. Although her home had been cleaned, the windows were open and there was still dust in the air as hundreds, if not thousands, of volunteers still labored tirelessly at Ground Zero and the surrounding streets as part of the recovery and cleanup mission after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. She spent one night there and woke up in the morning feeling "like I had an anvil on my chest," she recalls.
That was enough for Katzman to pack back up and return to staying with friends further away. It's also what changed the way she thought about the events of that fateful day.
"9/11 is remembered as a terrorist attack, but it is also the largest man-made environmental disaster that ever impacted an American city, let alone a city as big as New York," she tells Variety.
When American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 hit the World Trade Center, each Boeing 767 aircraft started a fire that included toxins from the jet fuel of their engines being released into the air. When the towers collapsed less than two hours later, the 110 stories came down in a gray, asbestos-laced cloud that covered a multi-block radius before the wind scattered particles further out. In the weeks that followed, the machines that dug through the rubble further disturbed the toxic dust.
Anyone working at Ground Zero was most in harm's way by sheer proximity and lack of proper protective resources, but the spiderweb of danger spread out across the city as the government said the air was safe to breathe, reopening select lower Manhattan businesses just days after Sept. 11 and sending children back to schools in the area less than a month later. It didn't take long for survivors, first responders and many others to start getting sick.
The extent of the illnesses, as well as the government's missteps that some say was deception and the lengths to which civilians had to go to fight for health care post-9/11, is the subject of Katzman's latest project, a 90-minute hour documentary titled "9/11's Unsettled Dust," which airs on select PBS stations just in time for the 20th anniversary of 9/11 and while the world is in the middle of another disaster, the COVID-19 pandemic.
"The legacy of 9/11 is all of the thousands upon thousands who are sick and the thousands who have died from their illnesses," she says. "What needed to be done to keep the city safe [was] getting more masks and the right respirator type. There weren't enough of them initially, but then when they could have gotten more, they didn't. And part of the reason is because of the optics."
In the immediate aftermath of Sept. 11, there was a "surge of patriotism," she acknowledges, that drew many to come out to Ground Zero from other boroughs and other states. Those people were moved and motivated "to act on behalf of the common good -- and the common good dictated, you go and you search in the rubble for the dead first and then you begin to clear. They're in a different state, and they're not thinking about their own survival. They're actually thinking about how they can be of service." But, she adds, "that ideology was really being turned into a kind of propaganda to incite people. On the one hand, you had incredibly compassionate self sacrificing response, and then you have this completely cynical actions on the part of [then Environmental Protection Agency chief] Christine Todd Whitman, President Bush, Mayor Giuliani."
Although what was in the air in New York City in the fall of 2001 is not nearly the same as coronavirus now, there are some eerie similarities to how messaging around health and safety was handled, Katzman notes. In 2001, she recalls, "the interests of Wall Street trumped everything else. Wall Street opened on Sept. 17, six days later. And they had big trucks down there with the vacuums and then they found out they didn't even have the right filters on them to be sucking up the dust on the street. This was insane." Almost two decades later, she says, "Trump had many peculiar reasons of his own, related to his vanity and so forth, for not wearing the mask, but a big part of that had to do with the same thinking: He thought it would depress the economy."
In 2001, wearing a mask would have been an action taken to protect one's self, whereas now, it also protects others. But looking through archival footage, some of which is in Katzman's documentary, there are not many masks worn, let alone high-grade medical ones or parts of hazmat suits. For some, this may have been due to lack of resources, but for others, it was trust in a system that was failing them.
"The monitoring station monitors that were set up were clogged. So, when I say cynical, this is a perfect example because what did the EPA post on their website? That they couldn't get a reading -- but of course not because the monitors were clogged. That's how bad it was," Katzman says. "It requires governmental oversight."
The same was true, of course, when the pandemic began. "What was Trump doing? He had his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, running FEMA, replacing qualified people with scientific training who know how to order the right supplies, and it turned into a grift," she says.
The long-term health effects of exposure to toxins after 9/11 are still coming to light, two decades later. The same will likely be true of COVID-19.
Katzman shares that she first started working on the documentary in the summer of 2010, when the world was reeling from a more recent environmental disaster: the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Her original idea for a documentary was to combine both elements and use "the dereliction of duty on the part of the EPA" as the connection between the two. But because of how things were advancing with 9/11 -- specifically first responder and 9/11 survivor John Feal putting together a group to lobby Congress on behalf of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 and then having to continue to fight just a few years later to get cancers covered under the bill -- 9/11 became the focus. She ended up filming for five and a half years, with one of her final days following the late Ray Pfeifer when he got the key to New York City in early January 2016.
Katzman spent months traveling to Washington, D.C. to film what was happening with the bill, which is named for former NYPD officer Zadroga, the first officer whose death (in 2004 of respiratory disease) was attributed to his exposure to the toxins at Ground Zero. She crossed paths with the filmmakers of "No Responders Left Behind," which also follows Feal and activist-comedian Jon Stewart in their fight for first responders' health rights, at a memorial service in 2016, but her story purposely expands beyond the first responders to include volunteers and community members.
"These are people that received no special training for trauma, nor proper health materials," she says.
Among these everyday people featured in "9/11's Unsettled Dust" is Lila Nordstrom, a Stuyvesant High School senior at the time who went on to found StuyHealth and write "Some Kids Left Behind: A Survivor's Fight for Health Care in the Wake of 9/11" about her experience on the day and in the years after, advocating for health. Additionally, Katzman's documentary includes various women who cleaned up facilities used as triage and collection centers, some of whom were undocumented and none of whom received hazmat suits.
"I think the impact on the children is so tragic and so underreported, really," says Katzman. "But I remember seeing this group of undocumented workers, mostly Hispanic, and the dread in their eyes was so profound. They were doing the cleanup, they were picking up body parts, they were doing the worst work imaginable. And we don't know what happened to a lot of those people. They went back to Central America and Mexico and were never heard from again."
"People can't rely on the government to do the right thing. We saw it in Flint, Mich.; we saw it with the BP oil disaster; we saw it with 9/11, and we saw it under Trump with the pandemic."
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发表于 2022-7-5 05:15:02
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